\section{逢方必觑}
\setcounter{tuxxx}{3}%图编号从4开始
{\heiti 题解}：``方''是下棋时经常出现的棋形，如图一所示。图中白1叫``觑''，又称``点方''。为什么要叫它觑呢？就是斜睨着A位的断。它是``刺''的一种，但又不同于刺。图二中黑1叫刺，是比较激烈地要断，而觑则比较缓和些，目的是破坏棋形。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,7)}
	%1
	\markpos{A}{e}{4}

	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{d}{4}	
	\stone{black}{e}{5}
	\stone{black}{f}{5}
	
	\stone{white}{c}{3}
	\stone{white}{c}{4}
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{d}{5}
	\stone{white}{e}{6}
	\stone{white}{f}{6}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{f}{3}%1

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,7)}
	%2
	\stone{black}{c}{3}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}	
	\stone{black}{d}{5}
	\stone{black}{d}{6}
	\stone{black}{d}{7}

	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{5}
	\stone{white}{e}{6}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{f}{4}%1

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,7)}
	%3
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{d}{4}	
	\stone{black}{d}{5}
	\stone{black}{e}{5}
	\stone{black}{f}{5}

	\stone{white}{c}{3}
	\stone{white}{c}{4}
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{d}{6}
	\stone{white}{e}{6}
	\stone{white}{f}{6}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{f}{3}%1

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
觑，必须对有断而言，如果象图三那样，白1就不叫觑了。\par
{\heiti 理由}：``逢方必觑''是利用觑来破坏对方的棋形。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(10,6)}
	%4
	\stone{black}{c}{2}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}	
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{5}
	\stone{black}{e}{5}
	\stone{black}{f}{6}
	\stone{black}{j}{3}
	
	\stone{white}{d}{2}
	\stone{white}{e}{2}
	\stone{white}{e}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{5}
	\stone{white}{g}{5}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{g}{3}%1
	\move{g}{4}%2

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （要点）：黑1觑，白2护断，经1和2交换，白眼形就被破坏了。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(10,6)}
	%5
	\stone{black}{c}{2}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}	
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{5}
	\stone{black}{e}{5}
	\stone{black}{f}{6}
	\stone{black}{j}{3}
	
	\stone{white}{d}{2}
	\stone{white}{e}{2}
	\stone{white}{e}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{5}
	\stone{white}{g}{5}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{g}{3}%1

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：黑如不觑，白在这里补，就得到了好形，用这两个图作对比，就可以明白逢方必觑的道理。白1术语称``补方''，仍然是补的要点。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(10,6)}
	%6
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{2}	
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{6}
	\stone{black}{e}{1}
	\stone{black}{e}{2}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	\stone{black}{k}{3}
	
	\stone{white}{d}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{5}
	\stone{white}{f}{3}
	\stone{white}{g}{3}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{g}{5}%1

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （补方）：这是侵分无忧角形成的型，白1补方是要点。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(10,6)}
	%7
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{2}	
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{6}
	\stone{black}{e}{1}
	\stone{black}{e}{2}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	\stone{black}{k}{3}
	
	\stone{white}{d}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{5}
	\stone{white}{f}{3}
	\stone{white}{g}{3}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{g}{5}%1

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （白溃）：白如不补，被黑在这里一击，白形即溃。\par
以上几个图中可以看出``点方''在布局及中盘的对杀中是相当用得着的。在运用中须做到：一、现成的方会觑，会补；二、制造出点方的型来，点方以后使对方形溃，前面说过的二子头必扳和逢方必觑有直接联系。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,11)}
	%8
	\markpos{A}{c}{11}
	
	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{b}{6}	
	\stone{black}{c}{3}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{3}

	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{8}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	
	\stone[\marktr]{black}{g}{4}

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （习题）：本题是``雪崩''定式的一型。白脱先后黑走到了\stone[\marktr]{black}，如果A位一带再有了黑子，对这团白棋怎样攻击呢？\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,11)}
	%9
	\markpos{A}{c}{11}

	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{b}{6}	
	\stone{black}{c}{3}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}

	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{8}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{g}{6}%1
	\move{e}{6}%2

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （乏力）：黑1跳，借攻白扩张右下方，虽不能算坏棋，但缺少攻击力。白2补后，棋形比较完整。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,11)}
	%10
	\markpos{A}{c}{11}
	
	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{b}{6}	
	\stone{black}{c}{3}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{8}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{e}{6}%1
	\move{e}{8}%2
	\move{g}{6}%3

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （点方）：黑1点方严厉，白2只能跳出，黑3再跳，白形被击溃。至此白已不能眷恋数子，须及早逃出。本型即使A位一带没有黑子，点方仍是要点。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,11)}
	%11
	\stone{black}{b}{5}
	\stone{black}{b}{6}	
	\stone{black}{c}{3}
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{3}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	
	\stone{white}{c}{5}
	\stone{white}{c}{6}
	\stone{white}{c}{8}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{e}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{e}{6}%1
	\move{d}{6}%2
	\move{e}{8}%3

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （白大恶）：黑1点时，白如护断，黑3跳后，白即陷于困境.\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,9)}
	%12
	\stone{black}{c}{5}
	\stone{black}{c}{7}	
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{4}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}

	\stone{white}{b}{4}
	\stone{white}{c}{4}
	\stone{white}{d}{2}
	\stone{white}{d}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{2}

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （习题）：这是托大飞角形成的型，假设左边黑已厚实，黑应当怎样下？\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,9)}
	%13
	\stone{black}{c}{5}
	\stone{black}{c}{7}	
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{4}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	
	\stone{white}{b}{4}
	\stone{white}{c}{4}
	\stone{white}{d}{2}
	\stone{white}{d}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{2}
	
	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{b}{5}%1
	\move{b}{2}%2

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （平凡）：黑1挡平凡，白角成九目，且干净利落。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(7,9)}
	%14
	\markpos{A}{c}{3}
	\markpos{B}{a}{2}

	\stone{black}{c}{5}
	\stone{black}{c}{7}	
	\stone{black}{d}{4}
	\stone{black}{e}{3}
	\stone{black}{e}{4}
	\stone{black}{f}{2}
	
	\stone{white}{b}{4}
	\stone{white}{c}{4}
	\stone{white}{d}{2}
	\stone{white}{d}{3}
	\stone{white}{e}{2}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{b}{2}%1
	\move{c}{2}%2
	\move{b}{5}%3
	\move{b}{1}%4

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （要点）：黑1点是要点，白2补时，黑3再挡，次序井然。到白4时白角不仅目数少了，而且将来黑在B立，还有点余味。\par
这类点方手段是常用的。图中白2如在3位曲，黑可A断，成转换。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(8,7)}
	%15
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{5}	
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{h}{4}
	\stone{black}{h}{5}
	
	\stone{white}{e}{3}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{5}
	\stone{white}{g}{5}

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （习题）：这是一间高夹走出来的型。轮白走应当怎样下呢？\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(10,7)}
	%16
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{5}	
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{h}{4}
	\stone{black}{h}{5}
	
	\stone{white}{e}{3}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{5}
	\stone{white}{g}{5}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{h}{6}%1
	\move{j}{6}%2
	\move{j}{7}%3
	\move{k}{6}%4
	\move{k}{4}%5
	\move{k}{5}%6
	\move{d}{7}%7
	\move{d}{3}%8
	\move{h}{7}%9

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx ：白1、3连扳，着法紧凑，接着就产生了5位的觑。黑4时，也有先在9位打的。下到黑8是定式。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(12,8)}
	%17
	\markpos{A}{m}{4}
	\markpos{B}{l}{4}

	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{3}	
	\stone{black}{d}{5}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{h}{4}
	\stone{black}{h}{5}
	\stone{black}{h}{7}
	\stone{black}{j}{6}
	\stone{black}{k}{5}
	\stone{black}{k}{6}
	
	\stone{white}{d}{7}
	\stone{white}{e}{3}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{5}
	\stone{white}{g}{5}
	\stone{white}{g}{6}
	\stone{white}{h}{6}
	\stone{white}{j}{7}
	\stone{white}{j}{8}
	\stone{white}{k}{4}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{g}{3}%1
	\move{h}{3}%2
	\move{d}{2}%3
	\move{c}{2}%4
	\move{h}{2}%5
	\move{g}{2}%6
	\move{f}{2}%7

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （点方的意义）：图十六中，现采用黑先打的形，以后如白先动手，在A跳，黑方受攻，白便宜是很容易看出来的。但如果被黑先下手在B扳，怎样呢？\par
这样也是白方比不点方被黑先在方处补一手稍好。因为点方后多了利用，如白有1至7的做劫，白如胜劫，黑边及角均要受到侵削。由本图可知，点方不光是猛攻时用，有时只是为了使对方棋形稍不完整。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(19,8)}
	%18
	\stone{black}{c}{4}
	\stone{black}{d}{6}	
	\stone{black}{h}{4}
	\stone{black}{j}{5}
	\stone{black}{j}{6}
	\stone{black}{m}{3}
	\stone{black}{q}{4}
	\stone{black}{r}{7}
	
	\stone{white}{c}{2}
	\stone{white}{e}{3}
	\stone{white}{f}{4}
	\stone{white}{k}{3}
	\stone{white}{k}{5}
	\stone{white}{k}{6}
	\stone{white}{o}{3}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{k}{7}%1
	\move{l}{7}%2
	\move{l}{8}%3
	\move{m}{7}%4
	\move{m}{5}%5

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （联系）：本图取材于大平修三对藤泽秀行的对局。在``二子头必扳''一节已介绍。黑5点方有力，由此可知``二子头必扳''和``逢方必觑''是相辅相成的。二子头扳后就导致逢方必觑，不知道前者，就不容易见到后者，不懂得后者，前者也乏力了。\par
{\heiti 例外}：逢方必觑是针对局部而言，有时因全局关系而不适用。\par
\begin{psgoboard*}
	%19
	\markpos{A}{e}{6}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\move{q}{16}%1
	\move{r}{4}%2
	\move{d}{16}%3
	\move{c}{4}%4
	\move{e}{4}%5
	\move{e}{3}%6
	\move{d}{4}%7
	\move{d}{3}%8
	\move{c}{5}%9
	\move{b}{5}%10
	\move{c}{6}%11
	\move{b}{3}%12
	\move{f}{4}%13
	\move{b}{6}%14
	\move{p}{4}%15
	\move{c}{7}%16
	\move{r}{3}%17
	\move{g}{3}%18
	\move{c}{13}%19
	\move{j}{17}%20
	\move{q}{4}%21
	\move{r}{5}%22
	\move{s}{3}%23
	\move{m}{4}%24
	\move{r}{8}%25
	\move{g}{4}%26
	\move{n}{17}%27
	\move{f}{17}%28
	\move{f}{16}%29
	\move{e}{18}%30
	\move{e}{17}%31
	\move{f}{18}%32
	\move{c}{17}%33
	\move{d}{11}%34
	\move{r}{15}%35
	\move{g}{16}%36

\end{psgoboard*}\par
\tx （名局）：这是吴清源执黑对木谷实镰仓十局第六局。走到33时，白方如在A位点是可以吃掉这团黑棋的，但谱中却走了34位，这是因为在A位吃5子不够大，倒并不是A位不严厉。由此可知点方是局部的要点，``逢方必觑''也是就局部而言。至于根据全盘情况，该不该觑，是另外一个问题了。\par
\begin{psgopartialboard*}{(1,1)(14,9)}
	%20
	\stone{black}{b}{4}
	\stone{black}{b}{5}	
	\stone{black}{c}{8}
	\stone{black}{g}{4}
	\stone{black}{h}{7}
	\stone{black}{j}{7}
	\stone{black}{k}{4}
	\stone{black}{k}{5}
	\stone{black}{k}{6}
	\stone{black}{l}{3}	
	\stone{black}{l}{4}
	
	\stone{white}{b}{3}
	\stone{white}{c}{4}
	\stone{white}{d}{4}
	\stone{white}{f}{3}
	\stone{white}{g}{3}
	\stone{white}{j}{3}
	\stone{white}{j}{4}
	\stone{white}{j}{8}
	\stone{white}{k}{7}
	\stone{white}{l}{7}
	\stone{white}{m}{4}
	\stone{white}{m}{6}
	\stone{white}{n}{3}

	\setcounter{gomove}{0}%步数编号从1开始
	\pass*
	\move{h}{5}%1
	\move{h}{6}%2
	\move{h}{8}%3
	\move{f}{7}%4

\end{psgopartialboard*}\par
\tx （凑着）：白1逢方必觑攻击黑一块，但却是凑着。黑2补后再4跳，反而加快了逃走的步伐，所以白1应直接3位压，黑便不能跳。\par
为什么出现这一例外呢？原来本图的主要矛盾不是白破眼而是黑向前逃，点方只能起到破坏棋形的作用。故点方适得其反。\par
{\heiti 小结}：``逢方必觑''在布局、中盘和官子阶段均适用，和``二子头必扳''一样，是培养局部感觉的。\par
\clearpage
